Until now, it was thought that fears are inherited through education and the mother-child bond. However, a study suggests that babies learn to fear by smelling the aroma that their mothers emanate when faced with difficulties. The investigation goes further. A child can not only detect "natural" fears, but also recognize those that his mother has experienced before pregnancy.
In the first direct observation of this type of fear transmission, a team from the University of Michigan Medical School and New York University (United States) studied mother rats that had learned to fear the smell of peppermint and showed how they "teach" this fear to their babies in their first days of life through the alarm odor they release during distress.
Traumatic experiences that are transmitted
In an article published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the team describes how they identified the specific area of the brain where this fear transmission takes place in the first days of life. Their results in animals may help explain a phenomenon that has baffled mental health experts: how a mother's traumatic experience can profoundly affect her children, even when it happens long before they are born. "During the first days of life, a baby rat is immune to learning information about environmental dangers. But if their mother is the source of the threat information, they can learn from it and produce lasting memories," says research leader Jacek Debiec, a psychiatrist and neuroscientist at UM.
"Our research shows that infants can learn from the maternal expression of fear very early in life. Even before they can have their own experiences, they essentially acquire experiences from their mothers. More importantly, these maternally transmitted memories are long-lasting, while other types of infant learning, if not repeated, quickly perish."
The scientists also hope that their work will lead to a better understanding of why not all children of traumatized mothers or mothers with major phobias or other anxiety disorders or major depression experience the same effects.
The Best Building Block Sets for Creative Kids and Adult Collectors
Building block toys continue to dominate the world of creative play, STEM learning, and collectible model building. Whether you enjoy detailed racing replicas, advanced engineering kits, or imaginative fantasy worlds, modern brick sets offer something for every age group. Enthusiasts looking for premium collections often start with the best-selling building block sets, where the most popular models showcase impressive craftsmanship and display value.
Explore Racing Cars, Supercars, and Vehicle Models
Car enthusiasts can discover stunning replicas inside the Miniso F1 collection, the high-speed supercars and racing cars collection, and detailed classic car building sets. Fans of realistic mechanics will also appreciate advanced technic models, premium technic building sets, and educational mechanical engineering sets.
Collectors who enjoy motorcycles and industrial vehicles can explore the motorcycle and bike sets alongside massive truck and construction vehicle sets. For interactive play, remote-controlled fans can browse both the remote control collection and the exciting remote control building sets.
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Architectural enthusiasts often enjoy the elegant skyline designs from the modern skyscraper series and culturally inspired Chinese architecture sets. Builders who prefer compact creations can discover detailed micro block models perfect for desks and display shelves.
Nautical collectors can build historic vessels from the boats and ships collection, legendary pirate ship sets, and highly detailed Titanic model kits. Aviation fans can assemble realistic aircraft from the aircraft and jet collection, while science fiction lovers may prefer futuristic space station building sets.
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Creative builders searching for immersive display models should explore premium building sets for adults. Fantasy fans can recreate medieval adventures using the castle collection, while anime and entertainment lovers can enjoy themed cartoon and pop culture sets.
Urban enthusiasts can also discover stylish city-inspired models inside the Japanese street collection and premium licensed car building sets. Students and curious minds can further develop STEM skills with interactive science educational building sets.
Helpful Guides and Building Block Resources
Collectors frequently search for expert guides before purchasing new sets. Popular resources include advice on when Rivendell may retire, tutorials explaining how to change characters in Marvel Superheroes, and insights into how much the first LEGO set is worth.
Gamers and collectors can also learn whether LEGO Star Wars Skywalker Saga supports crossplay, discover how many villagers you can have in Fortnite, and understand how much insider points are worth.
Parents can also find family-friendly recommendations such as the best outdoor toys for 3 to 4 year olds, the best outdoor toys for 6 year olds, and pet-related guides covering the best toys for dogs with high prey drive and the best harnesses for poodles.
From advanced engineering models to collectible ships and fantasy castles, modern building block sets combine entertainment, creativity, and education into one rewarding hobby enjoyed by both children and adults worldwide.
